Logistics Knowledge

What is CO Form E? CO Form E (Certificate of Origin Form E) is a document issued for Vietnamese goods to enjoy preferential tariff rates under the ASEAN–China Free Trade Agreement (ACFTA), signed in Phnom Penh, Cambodia on November 4, 2002. It serves as the legal basis for Vietnamese exports to ACFTA member countries to […]

What is C/O Form A? C/O (Certificate of Origin) is a document certifying the origin of goods, issued by a competent authority in the exporting country. Each type of C/O corresponds to a Free Trade Agreement (FTA), enabling exporters to enjoy tariff preferences. C/O Form A (or C/O mẫu A) is a Certificate of Origin […]

What is TTR Payment? TTR stands for Telegraphic Transfer Reimbursement – an international payment method by telegraphic transfer with reimbursement, commonly used in transactions involving Letters of Credit (L/C). Under this method, the bank transfers money to the beneficiary after verifying and approving the documents submitted by the buyer. When an L/C allows TTR payment, […]

In international trade, understanding how to calculate and negotiate freight charges is crucial to managing your logistics budget. One of the most important terms frequently encountered by businesses is All in Rate. So, what exactly is All in Rate and why does it matter? What is All in Rate? All in Rate is a bundled […]

What is a Phytosanitary Certificate? A Phytosanitary Certificate (also called a plant health certificate or plant quarantine certificate) is an official document issued by an authorized plant quarantine agency. It certifies that a shipment of plants, agricultural products, or regulated articles has been inspected and found free from harmful organisms, pests, or quarantine subjects as […]

In international trade, documentation plays a vital role in ensuring that cargo is transported according to the correct process and requirements. One essential document frequently used in logistics is the Shipping Instruction (SI). So, what is SI in export-import, and why should businesses understand it clearly? What is a Shipping Instruction (SI)? SI stands for […]

What Is Customs Inspection? A customs inspection is the physical examination of goods by customs authorities to verify their consistency with the declared information on the customs declaration form. This is a critical step in the clearance process to ensure that the goods’ type, quantity, value, and legality comply with local regulations. In English: Customs […]

In international trade, a Delivery Order (D/O) is a mandatory document that allows the consignee to collect goods from the port or bonded warehouse. Understanding what a Delivery Order is, who issues it, related fees, and the procedures to obtain it helps businesses shorten clearance time and avoid unnecessary costs.   Delivery Order (D/O) meaning […]

What is CCC Certification? CCC (China Compulsory Certification) is a mandatory product certification system implemented by the Chinese government to ensure that consumer goods comply with required safety, quality, and environmental standards. Established in alignment with China’s WTO commitments, the CCC system aims to protect consumers’ rights, national security, flora and fauna, and the ecological […]

What is the Rule of Origin? In international trade, the Rule of Origin (ROO) is a set of regulations used to determine the “nationality” of a product. Properly determining the origin not only decides whether a product qualifies for preferential tariff treatment but also influences its access to markets under Free Trade Agreements (FTAs). Why […]

What is VGM? VGM (Verified Gross Mass) is the verified total weight of a shipping container, including: Cargo weight Packaging and dunnage materials The tare weight of the empty container It is a mandatory document in international maritime transport to ensure safety at sea. According to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at […]

What is a Proforma Invoice? Understand its role in international trade, how it differs from a Commercial Invoice, and key components of a proper Proforma Invoice sample.